Into Thin Air free essay sample

Also, Hall’s information about media players, for example, Jon Krakauer and Sandy Pittman cause deadly occasions. The level of dependability and collaboration on Everest intensifies potential perils to proficient aides and their kindred customers. In this campaign, ‘guide’ implies a pioneer of gathering, along these lines all aides have duty to mind customers as person. Be that as it may, caring those unpracticed climbers at the 8,000 meters above is unreasonably outrageous for the aides. Shigekawa who is one of Japanese climber on Everest clarifies that they â€Å"were too drained to even think about helping. Over 8,000 meters isn't where individuals can manage the cost of ethical quality. † However, in that horrendous condition, respectable guide, for example, Rob Hall needs to help his customer Doug Hansen. At the point when Hall compasses to South culmination to help Doug Hansen to accomplish his objective, Doug’s oxygen has run out, and they become abandoned at the top. Lobby could have left Hansen and dive the mountain for endurance, â€Å"Hall, anyway wouldn’t consider going down without Hansen. We will compose a custom article test on Immediately and inexplicably or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page † Hall is attempting to ensure his customers until the end and his faithfulness could merit regard as a pioneer. Therefore, outrageous steadfastness and trusting among aides and customers welcomes more demise on the undertaking. Unpracticed client’s ravenous test additionally requires decent guides’ demise. Despite the fact that Rob lobby surely understand about their clients’ capacity of climbing ability, they propel themselves past beginners’ constraint, since he needs individual customers to accomplish their own objectives. Individuals who take an interest in this endeavor are tycoon since they pay such $65,000 costly expenses to arrive at the highest point of Everest, yet they are absence of mountaineering experience. The facts confirm that Rob Hall ought to have proposed to Hansen to quit summiting Everest once more, yet he comprehends of feeling about not accomplishing objective, close him to take off Hansen’s trust. It has been said about Hall that ‘he’d been convinced to restore this year by Hall, who felt sorry that Hansen had been denied the summit’. So Hall needs to allow to Hansen. At that point his misjudgement for Hansen causes their unexpectable hopeless passing. Notwithstanding Fischer and Hall definitely thought about significance of pivot time and specific time, yet they overlooked it and choose to continue summiting. Appropriately, unreasonable assurance makes frightful penance on endeavor. Ransack Hall’s notoriety by media essentially produces the lethal occasions to individual Everest climbers during the course. Jon Krakauer and Sandy Pittman are the individuals who didn't pay the entire expense since they are the individuals who are identify with the media consideration. Prior to the undertaking, there was rivalry among Fischer and Hall to cast/liaise Krakauer to join as their group. The motivation behind why the two men needed Krakauer is on the grounds that they understand that he is in â€Å"outside† magazine where they would have critical opportunity to promote their business on the media. Therefore, it very well may be accepted that an individual who can bolster their business to media can get to the top at any expense. Anyway this miss conviction makes another weakness climbers on the Everest. Sandy is an individual who makes customers anxious, in light of the fact that â€Å"nobody on the mountain cut a more prominent or produced as much gossip† other than her. Also, she records and reports all the occasions on the mountain. At that point individuals are agonizing over her report, about expedition’s customers which can be showed up as contrarily on the web. Likewise, her overwhelming telecom types of gear create her Sheraps to be progressively depleted. In this way, it tends to be said Rob Hall’s thought about media prompts the dangerous conditions to him just as other individual customers. To close, there is no uncertainty that all individuals who are on Everest are attempting to end their campaign as effectively. Be that as it may, that unnecessary level of devotion and challenge uncovers guides, yet in addition customers to be endured. Besides, weight of notoriety to Hall makes considerably additionally harming among different individuals. As needs be, there are different qualities have changed into dreadful.

Managerial Role Essay

Despite the fact that the representatives are the prime specialists in any associations chiefs need to deal with their workers and even he needs to deal with the outside air at and around the association to run the association in an outstanding way and their by accomplishing the foreordained objectives. Here I might want to introduce the manager’s work in an association with a case of a meeting and with my examination work. I took a meeting from a chief of programming Solutions Company a little scope data innovation based organization in Australia. hile talking with him we go over a portion of the significant characteristics of a supervisor According to him an administrator ought to have a decent scholarly capabilities like a bachelor’s qualification and a master’s certificate in any of the managerial fields, except if and until if a chief have a decent scholastics he will be unable to take care of scholastic issues in his organization. He should likewise have gr eat informative aptitudes and intuitive abilities, promoting capacity, dealing with the clients and a decent character. R. W. Griffin characterizes chief as an individual who most importantly is answerable for acknowledgment of the executives procedure. Specifically chief is â€Å"the individual, that settles on plans and choices, composes, administers and controls human, account and data resources† (Griffin 2000). I absolutely consent to the above articulations as they said an administrator ought to have a decent scholastic capability and he even ought to have a decent character to work all the previously mentioned capacities. Except if a chief has them he/she can’t stay with his in a superior position. He additionally expressed that he needs to connect with numerous individuals in his everyday life as his organization is an IT based organization manages the issues in the mechanical perspectives in equipment and programming. He ought to have legitimate capacity to confront numerous new clients in his everyday life and to a great deal his representatives for the arrangement of the customers’ issue. He ought to go to the client in his own office or at other private places for customers’ adaptability. He needs to deal with his representatives, the assets he is using, the showcasing staff, progressively significant the clients who are their meat and potatoes. Doing this he needs to watch out for the specialized advances in his field and on his rivals. So here I comprehend that managers’ work is a lot of urgent employment in any organization and he must be in cutting-edge at things that are occurring at and around his organization. Numerous supervisors accomplish accomplishment by planning his/her representative impact, thus getting accomplishment to the association. He expresses that in his rundown of individuals he needs to communicate in his regular day to day existence the clients are his prime concern since they the fundamental wellspring of the companies’ pay except if a client happy with the representatives work, he would not pay the sum. So in this connection I came to realize that there exists a shared advantage connection between the client and the organization subsequently it is a genuine model for complementary relationship. â€Å"The needs to all the more likely comprehend client conduct and the enthusiasm of numerous chiefs to concentrate on those clients who can convey long haul benefits have changed how advertisers see the world† (Russell S. Winer). The creator says that purchasers can change the exhibition of a market and the running style of an association thus a decent supervisor ought to consistently watch out for such sort of shoppers. Next comes his representatives, a great administrator ought to keep up a decent cooperation with his workers. As per him â€Å"a great supervisor should take care of their representatives and he ought to be their well-wisher†. He says that a decent communication between a supervisor and his representatives develops a positive vitality in the work environment brings about better execution of the worker prompting achievement of the representative just as the organization. He even said that he will help his representatives in different manners like designating them customary and adaptable working hours, observing their work, giving criticism at whatever point important and understanding their issues in regards to their work and in their lives. This shows there exists a proportional relationship with in them. He said that he has just 4 ordinary representatives working at present with him and recruits others at whatever point essential. As indicated by Katuria. M in his article named â€Å"three approaches to assembled fruitful representative chief relationship† he expressed that â€Å"the just relationship more critical to an association than the ustomer-organization relationship is the director worker relationship and as per the post employment survey the no. 1 explanation individuals relinquish their position is a direct result of their ill-advised relationship with the manager†. Experiencing all the above discussion I absolutely consent to them two and I carefully trust in great supervisor representative relationship which helps in accomplishment of the organization and its workers. â€Å"An association develops and advances new positions are included, ranking directors need to figure out how to integrate every one of these offices. Coordination alludes to the nature of cooperation over the divisions. It is required whether there is a useful, divisional or term structure†. (Draft 2012) this announcement clarifies the most mindful obligation of a chief in a developing organization. It discloses to us that in a quickly developing organization the administrators assume a significant job that is he needs to do division and interlinking the offices there by shaping increasingly more grounded work unit which causes them in tackling progressively complex issues. When managing the providers he gave me the data that he is associated with numerous providers in his place and even in the Melbourne. As the organization depends on the issues and arrangements coming in the data innovation, they must be furnished with a lot of assets. They need different kinds of PC save parts, programming projects and many propelled highlights which were been given to them by many suppling organizations. Indeed, even they dealings with tremendous organizations like Harvey Norman and so forth. He clarified me the preferences and detriments of keeping up such enormous gatherings of providers. Ha expressed that trust is the primary factor that works among providers and the organization director. Numerous exchanges run dependent on the trust theory as it were. Except if they trust a provider and utilize their items they can’t run the organization in certain circumstances. I bolster this explanation that trust is the principle part of the business. I can express that trust should exist between a provider and the administration as well as at all the levels in the business area that is it ought to be in the middle of the purchaser association provider. â€Å"Supplier Relationship Management is a comprehensive way to deal with dealing with the issues and connections with the associations that gracefully your organization with merchandise and ventures. This incorporates correspondences, strategic policies, exchanges, philosophies and programming that are utilized to set up and keep up a relationship with a provider. Advantages incorporate lower costs, more excellent, better estimating and less strain between the two substances that bring about a success win relationship† (Bucki. j). The creator clarifies us that for any organization the provider the executives connection ought to be so that there is a profit by both the sides and the devices were created to decrease the business related issues between the provider and the chiefs in the organization who take care of all these crude materials. I absolutely accept with the above conversations on the grounds that except if there is a satisfactory measure of crude materials for an organization they can't arrive at the degree of consumer loyalty which is their fundamental objective and the provider likewise must be faithful to the organization and gracefully the crude materials in time there by keeping up a common advantage connection between them. The following I will talk about the other significant natural factor the work showcase. For this situation as the chief previously expressed that he enlists the representatives at whatever point he needs, in clarification to this he gave me the data that when his customary staff are not adequate to finish an undertaking which was allocated to them he enlists a portion of the product experts from the business places for a shorter timeframe and allots them to work with his ordinary representatives. Without key arranging it is far-fetched that any association will have the option to address effectively various difficulties that face them† (Bryson. j. m). This shows arranging and association is the fundamental urgent obligations of a chief. Administrator needs to design the task preceding its beginning and convey the work to his representatives in like manner. In the event that a chief neglects to play out this progression in his level he/she will most likely be unable to arrive at the objective level and bombs in driving the association and its staff. At last for an association to run in the method of benefits and to continue in this present serious word the supervisor needs to take care of numerous kinds of ecological factors some of them which are prime concerned are talked about over different elements which impact the association are Technology, Natural, Sociocultural, Economic, Legal, Political, International (these go under outer condition) and Culture the board. (Draft, R. L) as I would like to think administrator ought to have the capacity in controlling all these ecological elements. This organization having constrained workers and being a little scope organization the outer ecological elements might not have such an extraordinary impact. Among them just the innovation has a ground-breaking sway since it is absolutely a product arrangement organization so the representatives and the director ought to be careful with the changing patterns in the innovation and ought to be in cutting-edge day by day. Proposals: Keeping at the top of the priority list the entire meeting and with my examination I might want to suggest a few changes this association should actualize for better advancement they are 1. Increment the worker work proportion. 2. Utilization of the work advertise for hello there

IELTS Problem Solution Essay Samples - Find IELTS Problem Solution Essay Samples

IELTS Problem Solution Essay Samples - Find IELTS Problem Solution Essay SamplesAn IELTS Problem Solution is a method that helps people who are in doubt or negative about their proficiency with the English language. As a result of this method, those who are in their late teens and early twenties are definitely sure to get a good learning experience in the English language.This solution consists of answers for questions that you have about the problem. A person who is in his late twenties will usually have more problems in grammar. Because of this fact, he will need guidance in grammar. This can be solved by the IELTS Problem Solution Program.The basics of grammar can be taught by those who know the basics of English. So, the best way to learn the basics of English is to enroll in a course that teaches the basic grammar. The only difference between the problems that are solved by those who are enrolled in a course and those who do not know the basics of grammar is that, those who do n ot know the basics of grammar cannot solve the problem. But, those who do know the basics of grammar can solve the problem because they already know how to solve the problem.In an IELTS Problem Solution essay sample, one must be aware of the fact that while solving the problem, you must make sure that your answers come from a perspective that is closer to what the problem was posed. If you cannot solve the problem based on your personal experiences and observations, it is better that you find the answers for the problem in another source. Since you are not familiar with the problems that you have to solve, try to do some research before you start.Of course, some problems are easier than others and the easier ones are the ones that are solved first by those who know the basics of English. Of course, if you have a question that has not been solved before, you may look for answers for it in the internet. Some sites will even offer free sample answers for the different types of problems .There are other problems that are not easy to solve and those will be solved by those who do not know the basics of English. While you are solving the problem, you should remember that you are using an IELTS Problem Solution Program because this program is designed to help you learn English. To answer the problem, you need to understand the basic principles of grammar and English. It is better that you know the basics of English to have more time to focus on the areas where you still need more instruction.Learning the fundamentals of English is much more important that you may think. When you have learned these basic principles, you will have an advantage over those who do not have them and you will be able to solve the problem on your own and be able to speak and write in English without any trouble.

Essay on Professional Sports - Injured Athletes and Early...

Injured Athletes and Early Retirement The rise to become a professional athlete requires passion, dedication and years of preparation. To play a sport at such a high competitive level and intensity the athlete must be in excellent physical and mental health. Athletes of Magic Johnsons and Bo Jacksons caliber had the dedication and determination to be the best. The negative feelings the athlete endures after injury or illness is overwhelming and can lead to early retirement, but if this all they invested in; most have not thought a lot about a career after sports. The athlete and the aftermath of injury or illness that leads them to retirement is a difficult issue. For those readers who are injured or suffer from a†¦show more content†¦I never was in the professional ranks and had to count on professional sports as a way of life. But, on the high school level, I remember how injury or illness effected my peers. They too became depressed and angry; they wondered if it was all over for them. A lot of the times reha bilitation was an option. They would after suffering a knee injury seek physical therapy (rehab) to bring strength back into the knee to permit them to play. If therapy did not work other stressors would develop. http://dsc.dixie.edu/barry/http.//www.apa.org/monitor/jul96/injury.html There are four main reasons why the injury of the professional athlete makes recovery problematic: the withdrawal from friends, former teammates and family, the excessive talk about their accomplishments, the mood changes, and the indifference towards their injury. This is the time, I found in my study to be of great importance. Elite athletes who sustain a chronic injury score in the realm of groups that have experienced a natural disaster on the impact of event scale (IES), a psychometric measure used to assess the effect of trauma, according to psychiatrist Marjorie L. Schuer, M.D., and her colleague Mary S. Dietrich, Ph.D. (p.1, Psychiatric News) Treatment for the psychological trauma associated with an injury will depend on the developmental stage of the athlete, as well as the significance and meaning the athlete attaches to anathletic career, Schuer said. The meaning behind this message IShow MoreRelatedConcussions On Pro Sports : Concussions1484 Words   |  6 PagesConcussi ons in Pro Sports David Duerson’s family, the family of a legend, found Duerson dead in his home, with a self-inflicted gunshot wound in the chest (Bartholet). Duerson had won two championship rings, named first team All-Pro by three sources, received the NFL Man of the Year Award, and held an NFL record for 19 years (Bartholet). So why would this amazing man with a life of accomplishments commit suicide? Doctors wanted to find out. Duerson had sent his family a text message that he wantedRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Banned1645 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The dream of being a major athlete forms in early childhood while watching a favorite athlete succeeding at any given sport. Once a child sees a professional athlete succeeding and being famous that child believes accomplishing this goal will be easy to accomplish. However, becoming a famous athlete is not as easy as it looks. In fact, many athletes whether at professional, college, or even high school levels will stop at nothing to achieve the most success and gain the most popularityRead MoreAthletes Should Not Be Paid Than Athletes1131 Words   |  5 PagesProfessional athletes are making too much money in a society where salaries and wages are traditionally based on the value of ones work (Professional Athletes†). In today s society, one is not actually paid more based on the economic importance of their occupation. Instead, those involved in the entertainment industry get paid larger salaries than those shaping the future. In the 1996 basketball season, Michael Jordan mad e 170,000 dollars a day, whereas an average teacher will only collect 40Read MoreUse Of Steroids For Sports Athletes1684 Words   |  7 PagesUse of Steroids in Sports Imagine yourself as a young professional athlete, who has been suffering from constant injuries. Physical therapy might help the injury heal but the time being wasted also plays a major factor. Your doctor and physician eventually bring up the conversation of early retirement unless you can show them that you’re capable of returning to your natural ways. Realizing that your career could be here today and gone tomorrow is something that every athlete thinks about. SuddenlyRead MoreThe Baseball Of The Nfl3626 Words   |  15 Pagesmultimillion-dollar deals. The National Football league or better known as the NFL created in 1920 has become part of the American culture. To fans the NFL is a gift like no other. The glamour, passion, and fame that the NFL displays for its professional athletes comes with a price. The NFL is a league filled with violent collisions from some of the world?s most athletically gifted players. Players are progressively being diagnosed with significant b rain trauma due to the size and athleticism of theRead MorePele: Brazil National Football Team and World Cup4721 Words   |  19 Pagesconditions of the poor (when he scored his 1,000th goal he dedicated it to the poor children of Brazil). [3] During his career, he became known as The King of Football (O Rei do Futebol) or simply The King Pelà © (O Rei Pelà ©). He was given the title of Athlete of the Century by the International Olympic Committee[4] and received a FIFA award for best footballer of the 20th century, after being voted by the members of the football comition of the FIFA in 2000, to choose the best football player of all timeRead Moretransformational leaders in sports9224 Words   |  37 Pages Pittsburgh Steelers, Kansas City Chiefs, and Minnesota Vikings. Before becoming a coach, Dungy played three seasons in the NFL. Dungy has been involved in a wide variety of charitable organizations, including the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Athletes in Action, Mentors for Life, Big Brothers Big Sisters, Boys Girls Clubs, the Prison Crusade Ministry, and All Pro Dad. He also works with Basket of Hope, the Black Coaches Association National Convention, Indiana Black Expo, the United WayRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesmanagers. List and define each of the seven major categories of HR activities. Identify the three different roles of HR management. Discuss the three dimensions associated with HR management as a strategic business contributor. Explain why HR professionals and operating managers must view HR management as an interface. Discuss why ethical issues and professionalism affect HR management as a career field. ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  3 HR TRANSITIONS HR Management Contributes to OrganizationalRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM Certification 44 Is a Career in HRM for Me? 45 ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: Purposely Distorting Information 46 Does HRM Really Matter? 46 HR Trends and Opportunities 47 Outsourcing 47 Professional Employer Organization (PEO) 47 Shared Services 47 HRM in an Entrepreneurial Enterprise 48 HRM in a Global Environment 48 HR and Corporate Ethics Summary 50 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 51 Key Terms 51 52 HRM Workshop 49 Read MoreApproved EPR Bullets9088 Words   |  37 Pagescleared 8K vehicles/40K prsnl attended--successful event praised by wg ldrship - Enlisted in two DUI checkpoints; admind PBTs w/one DUI caught--upheld zero tolerance 7K base mbrs safe - Swiftly defused/domestic altercation; separated mbrs/aided injured victim--subject apprehended/calm restored - Responded to 4 IFEs; estd cordons/cleared routes expedited entry f/Fire Dept--sortie generation unimpeded - Deployed in direct support of OEF to Bagram AB, Afghan; secured $3.2B in cmbt resources/36K+

Labor Unions And The Industrial Age - 1362 Words

â€Å"In 1900, 18 percent of all American workers were under the age of 16† (Yellowitz, http://www.history.com/topics/child-labor). For years people have gone back and forth on whether or not labor unions are actually beneficial to workers or if unions are harmful to the economy. Labor unions first started popping up as early as 1794 and started catching on in the 1880s with the introduction of The Knights of Labor. (Staff, http://www.history.com/topics/knights-of-labor) Unions grew in response to terrible working conditions, long hours, zero benefits, very low wages, and child labor. The opponents of labor unions were around even before then. When the industrial age began and people started moving to the cities, many employers took advantage of the high numbers of people in search for work and treated them more as numbers and expendable machines than people. The workers maybe got enough to live on after working for most of the day, everyday, for most of their lives. Even the children had to work those same hours instead of enjoying their childhood. The flip side to all of that is that the economy expanded and there were many people who got rich through that system. Overall, labor unions were extremely beneficial not only to American workers but also to the American economy because they improved working conditions, eliminated child labor, and because the more money workers received, the more money they spent and put back into the economy. On one hand labor unions did a lot toShow MoreRelatedThe Development of Labor Unions Essay675 Words   |  3 Pages During the Victorian age, and up until about the 20s, labor unions were new developments. They had existed before, but on a much smaller scale. The labor unions that did exist were all vastly different. Some were conservative, while others were extremely radical. The Industrial Workers of the World are an example of a more radical group, while the American Federation of Labor is more conservative. The two unions had contrasting opinions to the point of conflict between the groups. As well as havingRead MoreIndustrial Workers During The Gilded Age1588 Words   |  7 PagesSimilar to the farmers during the Gilded Age, industrial workers combatted poor working conditions, child labor, low wages, and long hours by forming labor unions and organizing strikes, ending as a massive failure. Early in the industrial era, there was no minimum wage, leaving it up to the factory owners to set the rate at which their workers were to be paid. Some owners did not pay their employees in cash but in company scrip which could be redeemed at the company store. For example, in PullmanRead MoreIndustrial Revolution : A Time Of Economic Success888 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the Industrial Revolution is widely referred as a time of economic success, and very often benefited the rich. The Industrial Revolution occurred during the eighteenth century and was a time of innovation, but it is clear that present time has made several improvements, especially in working conditions. The working conditions were harsh and unlike the working conditions of present time child labor was very prevalent in the period of the Industrial Revolution, in addition to this there wereRead Morereserchpaper817 Words   |  4 Pages How did the United States become a mature industrial society in the decades after the civil war? Industrial economy By the 1913 the United States produced one third of the world’s industrial output. The 1880 census showed for the first time that a majority of the work force engaged in non-farming jobs. Worker’s freedom in an industrial age .for a minority of workers, the rapidly expanding industrial system created new forms of freedom. Between 1880 and 1900 an average of 35,000 workers perishedRead MoreLabor Unions615 Words   |  3 PagesLabor Unions University of Phoenix MGT434: Employment Law Scott Dunlap February 7, 2008 Labor organizations or unions are formed by employees who want better wages, benefits, and healthy working conditions. Over the years, participation in unions has declined regardless of the benefits it offers. There are less strikes and better wages in the United States which in turn does not warrant the high need for these types of organizations in the work place. Labor unions today compared to in theRead MoreThe Gilded Age At The End Of The 21st Century1372 Words   |  6 PagesThe Gilded Age at the end of the 29th century was a time of booming industrialization, urbanization, and economic growth for the United States but it was also a time of violence and strife for lower classes— as industries expanded and the economy grew, working conditions worsened and only a small percent of Americans reaped the benefits of the industries’ success while the working majority saw little to none of the profit. This unequal distribution of wealth caused the working class to suffer; althoughRead MoreMuch was Accomplished through the Industrial Revolution833 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution accomplished far more than just revolutionizing the factory system. Even though industrializing managed to drastically increase efficiency of labor and intensely lower the prices of goods, it wholly transfigured the social relationship of the labor intensive working class. Dawley and Faler examine the historical effect of the workers that adopted the newfound ethics and personalities of their thriving, higher-class employers and people that used these morals to rebel againstRead MoreAre Labor Unions in the U.S. Obsolete?1306 Words   |  6 PagesAre Labor Unions in the U.S. Obsolete? To understand the worth of today’s unions, we must first understand the history and purpose of these organizations. Simply put, a union is an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer. There are many types of unions. For instance, a craft union is one whose members do one type of work, often using specialized skills and training. An industrial union is one that includes many persons working in the same industry or company, regardlessRead MoreManagement Should Have the Right to Allow a Union in the Workplace or Not1484 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen conflict of power within the workforce between union and management. This essay will discuss if management should have the right to determine whether a union should operate within their workplace. It is necessary first to discuss the roles of unions and management in the workplace and discuss both points of view on the power distribution between unions and management in the workplace. The rise of industrial age led to the rise of industrial factory systems. As the industries grew larger as wellRead MoreChild Labour : A History Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesChild Labour in The United States Child Labour: A History America and The Industrial Revolution ‘Forms of child labor, including indentured servitude and child slavery, have existed throughout American history.’ (http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/us_history.html) During the years following the Civil War, (http://americanhistory.about.com/od/industrialrev/a/indrevoverview.htm) the American working class made an abrupt transition away from farm work and home chores

Position Paper to Legalize Alcohol Essay Example For Students

Position Paper to Legalize Alcohol Essay Segregation of a Different Sortâ€Å"If we adults between 18 and 21 can still be trusted enough to fight in wars, if we can be trusted enough to vote for our leaders, if we can be trusted enough to have sex, then why the hell can’t we be trusted with a glass of wine?† Shamed DoganBy law, anyone 18 years and older will be tried as an adult in court, is allowed to vote, and is required to pay taxes. On one’s 18th birthday the law no longer views him as a child yet he is restricted from many places of social activity. Bars and many dance clubs are strictly for those 21 and over due to the legal drinking age in America, so many legal adults are not permitted entry. Clearly a discrepancy exists between an 18 year old adult and a 21 year old adult; however, since they are viewed by law as equals shouldn’t they have the same privileges? Obviously certain laws that regulate activities by age are necessary. Voting, alcohol, and driving should not be available to pe ople of any age because of the amount of responsibility these activities require. However the segregation between younger and older adults is unwarranted. Up until 1984 the legal drinking age was 18, however Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) spurred a campaign to raise the age limit to 21. They succeeded with the passage of the National Minimum Purchase Age Act in 1984. (Shamed, Legal Drinking) The law aimed to lower the number of drunk driving accidents, which it has done, but only by a small margin. However, what it has also done is reduce the rights of citizens between the ages of 18 and 21. Americans hold personal freedom to be an undeniable right. The right to drink one’s self into a drunken state still falls under the personal rights category; however, this basic freedom is restricted by the implementation of the 1984 law. Instead of being able to have complete control over one’s life when they reach the legal age of adulthood, citizens are forced to wait an additional three years for an equal level of freedom. A need for drinking regulation definitely exists, yet it needs to coincide with other laws defining adult privileges. All rights would be gained simultaneously and lowering the legal drinking age to 18 would erase the discrepancy that now exists. Furthermore the temptation to undermine the law through underage drinking would be greatly decreased. For many college students that fall in between years of legal adulthood and legal drinking age, the desire to drink is spurred by getting away with something they are not supposed to be doing. According to â€Å"Dan,† an English exchange student, the typical college student would not feel the need to have a binge drinking party if he were allowed into the local bar. The need to throw private drinking parties would no longer be prevalent because the accessibility of alcohol would no longer be in question. Lowering the legal drinking age would also create a plethora of social events for those 18 and older. Currently many dance clubs are strictly for those 21 and over because the establishment serves alcohol. This leaves the remainder of the adult populous to find their own forms of entertainment, counter productive or otherwise. If these bored adults were allowed to participate in more activities there would be less people idling on the streets. Society as a whole would be better off because there would be less illegal activity taking place. This could entail underage drinking or more serious matters engaged by those with spare time and nowhere to go. .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 , .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 .postImageUrl , .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 , .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2:hover , .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2:visited , .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2:active { border:0!important; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2:active , .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2 .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udc148834244687b24802efa428c1dda2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Proportions in Architecture Analysis EssayIf more young adults were drinking in public places as opposed to dorm rooms the possibility of excessive drinking would be lowered. The number of people present and the way in which bars and clubs are run provide the structured environment necessary to promote safer drinking. It is far less likely for someone to die of alcohol poisoning in a bar than in a private home because the number of people capable of recognizing alcohol related problems greatly increases. The adult population between the ages of 18 and 21 has been oppressed by the injustice of age based segregation for over a decade, and it is time for something to be done. The legal drinking age needs to be lowered to fit the remainder of the country’s standards of adulthood.

Man And The Universe By Pascal Essays - Religion, Philosophy

Man And The Universe By Pascal Pascal builds his argument in "Man and the Universe" out of a series of paradoxes, seemingly contradictory truths. In writing, "Man and the Universe," Pascal reflected his views on what is our place in the world as human beings. Pascal's writing shows a harmony between mathematical certainty and moral truths in support of his argument. In his "Pensees" or "Thoughts," Pascal hoped to integrate scientific progress with the notion of humankind's fallen state. Many suggest that Pascal is the "master of paradox." A paradox is an idea or situation that appears to contradict itself but that is nevertheless true. The purpose of a paradox is to provoke fresh thought and draw the reader's attention. An example of a paradox is the statement, "Less is more." In addressing his point of view of the universe, Pascal wrote, "I will picture to him not only the visible universe, but the conceivable immensity of nature, in the compass of this abbreviation of an atom." Pascal reduces the apparently infinitely great and large to its actual small position. Pascal uses this paradox to show the universe and its great magnitude compared to an atom. The American Heritage Dictionary defines the word, "magnitude" as "greatness in size or extent." In mathematics and physics, the term magnitude is used to describe the amount or quantity of an object or equation. An example of this is the volume of a sphere or the length of a vector. In chemistry, the atom is the smallest unit of an element. This is a paradox because something great in size as the universe is obviously not the size of an atom. When Pascal wrote this, he did not intend to make it something literal; as in showing a comparison between the universe and an atom. Rather, it was meant to be something figurative. In Pascal's point of view, the world (the earth) is an atom. The element involved in Pascal's paradox is the universe itself. Therefore, it is implied that the universe, or the"element," is composed of a great amount of planets, or "atoms." Pascal speaks to mankind, "let him view therein an infinity of worlds, each of which has its firmament, its planets, its earth, in the same proportion as the visible world...." It is implied that man has the knowledge that they are very small beings compared to the greatness and vastness of the universe. Imagine man as being as a grain of sand within the extent a desert. We are a grain of sand. Composed with many other grains, we are able to make the desert. It is microscopic in comparison to the immensity of the desert. The universe is just a little dot in nature; a spec in nature. Our ideas and thoughts are also a spec in the midst of the infinite. Paradoxically, greatness is shown to be the illusion of relative perspective. Pascal changes perspective in order to view the same object as a world in itself relative to the number and complexity of its divisions. This is mathematical. When we divide, we are not a whole any longer. In changing perspective, Pascal wrote, "...let a mite exhibit to him in the exceeding smallness of its body parts incomparably smaller, limbs with joints, veins in these limbs, blood in these veins, humors in this blood, globules in these humors, gases in these globules; let him, still dividing these last objects, exhaust his powers of conception, and let the ultimate object at which he can arrive now be the subject of our discourse..." Paradoxically, the infinitely small now has an infinity of parts. In support of his description of human beings, Pascal wrote, "What a chimera, then, is man! What a novelty, what a monster, what a chaos, what a subject of contradiction, what a prodigy!" When Pascal is speaking of human beings, he uses a tone of pity. He has feelings of sorrow and grief for the "misfortune" of man. Pascal calls man a "chimera," a fabulous creature, then calls him a novelty. He calls man a contradiction; the equivalence of paradox. He also adds, "what a prodigy!" A prodigy is a person with exceptional talents and abilities. If man, indeed is a prodigy, how is he also a monster and chaos? This paradox is used in support of the following paradox. In the midst of his argument, Pascal wrote, "A judge of all things, feeble worm of the earth, depository of the truth, cloaca of uncertainty and error, the glory and the shame of

Sarah Vaughan essays

Sarah Vaughan essays Known as one of the most influential artists in jazz. Sarah Lois Vaughan is an unforgettable legend. Sarah Vaughan was born March 27, 1924, in Newark, NJ, to Ashbury and Ada Vaughan, a carpenter and a laundress. Despite their occupations, Sarahs parents were also musicians in their spare time. Sarahs musical journey began with her parents love for music. Influenced by her mother, Sarah began taking piano at age seven and organ at age eight. Like most African Americans, Sarahs musical ability was nurtured and cultivated in the black church. The Vaughan family attended the Mount Zion Baptist Church where Sarah was the church organist. Sarahs love for music grew stronger during the early years of her life as she listened to artists such as Count Basie and Erskine Hawkins. She later attended East Side Music By the time Sarah was an adolescent, she had already began frequenting local clubs and theaters. It was at this time that she began to travel to Harlem to frequent the Savoy Ballroom and the Apollo Theatre (Contemporary). In 1942, Sarah participated in the Apollo Amateur Night Contest in Harlem; she sang Body and Soul. It was at this time, that Billy Eckstine, a member of Earl Fatha Hines band, discovered her (Website: Black Achievers). By winning the Apollo Amateur Night, Sarah was placed into history immediately. She had gained an opportunity to join the ranks of performers who preceded her and to make a career out of that opportunity. Whitney Balliett describes Sarahs talent in the July, 1977 issue of the New Yorker Magazine : "Her voice, which has four octaves and out-classes that of most operatic sopranos, came in unequal parts, a rich middle section, a little-girl high register, and a sometimes vulgar, an echoing bottom range. She uses it like a horn . . . " ...

Assessing Employee Perception on the Imperativeness for Sustainable Development in Organizations

Assessing Employee Perception on the Imperativeness for Sustainable Development in Organizations Background of Corporate Sustainability: During earlier times, the main objective of organizations was efficient utilization of resources and to capitalize on the fact that how efficient an organization is to convert its capital into profits (Jensen and Meckling 1976). The main role of the government is to make suitable structure which ensures that a leverage is built between this comportment of organizations in always achieving optimum amount of profits with overarching societal goals (Friedman 1970). A lot of management associates and researchers have confronted this imperativeness of organizations on profit maximization. Their outlook says that organizations have broader accountabilities and not only achieving maximum return on capital. Hence, in this context this thought of corporate sustainability gained importance (Hanley 2000). The concept of sustainability development has emerged from the macroeconomics level. It is primarily based on three factors – environmental reliability, economic wealth and social justi ce. They are also popularly known as three supports of sustainability (Elliott 2005). Since organizations have full access to the productive resources of the economy so, without organizational support sustainable development will not be so much effective (Bansal 2002). Background of Employee Perception: Fabricating an understanding of the societal behaviour from the information one generates from senses is known as perception. On the other hand, we can also say that perception is the method by which one can form opinions about other person’s qualities and characters. (Myers, 2004). Many debates have occurred stating that perception is the single most important determinant of human behaviour. In addition to that there can be no behaviour without perception. However concentrating on managers in an organization, OB theorists argue that, since there cannot be one specific strategy for analysing the perception of other people. So, ultimately it will depend on managers own ingenuity, creative skill set and contemplative abilities to handle perception (Rao and Narayan 1998). Employee perception and sustainable development in organizations. Unfortunately, this relation of employee perception and corporate sustainability has not been explored fully. Fewer empirical research has been done in this area which justifies or even mediates the relation between employees and sustainability. Neither in relation to employee perception of their organizations sustainable development or how corporate sustainability effect their everyday work outlook and behaviour (Aguilera et al. 2007) Lately, OB researchers have comprehended normative theory in the framework of sustainable development. Specially, researchers have argued, if employees’ perception is that organization has followed the path of profit generation by imbedding sustainable development into their organizational procedures, this will have positive effect of employees perception (Rupp et al. 2006) Hypothesis: Employee perception is positively related to sustainable development in an organization. Many studies have associated sustainable development with perceptive, responsive and behavioural employee reactions (Becker-Olsen et al. 2006).

Establishing a New Business Venture in a Foreign Country Essay

Establishing a New Business Venture in a Foreign Country - Essay Example Social, economic as well as legal forces obtaining in developed countries often impact on foreign companies especially from emerging markets that need to establish their businesses in developed countries. As such, this paper seeks to critically analyse the factors that may affect companies from emerging markets in their quest to establish business in developed countries. The paper will also outline some of the measures that can be implemented by the managers in order to overcome these challenges. The main challenge that is likely to be faced by a company from an emerging market when it seeks to establish business in a developed country is related to cultural differences that may affect its ability to effectively manage the people in the host country. According to Ivancervich, Konopaske & Matteson (2011), society is composed of people with their own culture and these people share the same beliefs, norms, values, religion, language education as well as legal systems. Culture is a learn ed dispensation since it does not simply appear from nowhere. A nation’s culture affects how organizational transactions are conducted such as hiring practices, marketing, reward programs as well as supervisor-employee interaction (Ivancervich, Konopaske & Matteson, 2011).... differs and these include the following: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism and masculinity (Ivancervich, Konopaske & Matteson, 2011). Power distance relates to the level of acceptance by society of unequal power distribution in an organization. For instance, emerging countries like Malaysia have high power distance where authority is centralised (Ivancervich, Konopaske & Matteson, 2011). On the other hand, the concept of uncertainty avoidance relates to the situation where people feel threatened by unambiguous situations. For instance, emerging countries have high uncertainty avoidance and they follow a specific set of rules while countries like Britain have lower levels of uncertainty avoidance where risk taking is common (Ivancervich, Konopaske & Matteson, 2011). On the other hand, it can be seen that countries like the US have high individualism where people believe in hard work and individual prosperity while emerging countries believe in socialist ideologies w hich state that they must share what they have. Masculinity is another cultural dimension that is practised in other countries like Austria. As illustrated above, it can be seen that a new company from an emerging market can find it difficult to establish business in a developed country by virtue of culture differences. If a new company has its own cultural values that are not compatible with the host nation, then it can face an uphill task in as far as its quest to operate effectively in the host country is concerned. It is important for a foreign company penetrating a developed market to make sure that they understand the culture of the people in the host country. Failure to do so may negatively impact on its operations since it may be difficult for the managers to manage people in the

Kotter's 8 Step Approach for an Organization Term Paper

Kotter's 8 Step Approach for an Organization - Term Paper Example   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Company Overview FedEx Corporation is among the best international companies operating in distribution industry, in providing reliable, timely, and rapid express delivery to over 200 states and destinations. The company is able to link international markets that cover beyond three quarters of world’s GDP within a period of four working days. What makes FedEx a world leader is its highly developed information technology infrastructure, competent air path officials, together with well-established mode of transport. The company delivers about 3 million cargos every day in Europe, Africa, India, and the Middle East and currently operates in almost all the cities and territories with its reliable inter states and continental distribution services. United States has one of the biggest offices for FedEx express and is currently expanding its wings to cover more areas around the region through rational and well-planned investments. FedEx story is not all positive since it has been facing various challenges and problems, especially in the current economic meltdown (Gutierrez, 2008). Diagnosis FedEx as an international company that has operated for over three decades has become too complex especially at management level. In addition, competition in the modern world is growing tougher and rapid in the modern economy and this requires FedEx to keep on updating and reinventing themselves. Over the years FedEx image has been tarnished due to numerous complaints from customers, for instance in their packaging methods. Some of the styles and organization practices being used in FedEx have been outdated hence the need to revisit and rebrand the company. The major problem is that FedEx has been unable to adapt effectively to the current economic situations (Gutierrez, 2008).   Ã‚  Kotter’s Change Approach Step 1: Creation of urgency Change can only happen in a company if at all every person or stakeholders in the company desire the change. Develop ing a sense of urgency in an organization starts with identifying and accepting the existing weaknesses in the company because the thought of the company falling or losing their investments arouses managers need to act, and similarly spreads the aspect of urgency to other stakeholders. Financial problems or loss of workforce mostly sparks people to act or make a decision in most companies. Human nature requires a touchable or a foreseeable aspect of failure in order to come out of their comfort zones. For change to occur successfully and effectively in any organization, managers or executives of the company must facilitate a coordinate a discussion where actual problems and threats are mentioned and analyzed (Shaffer & Thompson, 2008). In most scenarios, external consultation has proved to be the most effective, as it brings out the overall weaknesses of the entire company and eliminates biasness. According to Kotter, the degree of urgency is huge enough when about two thirds of the organization’s executives becomes understands the fact that the existing organizational culture and practices are out of line and need to change. Change in most cases starts with an individual or a few people and then others realizes it significance with time. FedEx as a company can take the following steps to initiate change: 1. Documentation of potential threats and forecast in the future in order to predict situations

Character Traits of Elizabeth Proctor Essay -- essays research papers

Character Traits of Elizabeth Proctor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the late sixteen hundreds, the fear of witchcraft was a major concern amongst New Englanders. Arthur Miller’s book, The Crucible, tells the story of a town’s obsession with accusing innocent people of witchcraft. All the accusers were young females who claimed they were attacked by demonic specters. Members of the community supposedly sent out these evil spirits, but in reality, the girls were doing it as sport. One such person accused was Elizabeth Proctor, wife of John Proctor, known throughout the community to be a noble woman. Throughout the book Elizabeth proves to be honest, untrusting of others, and determined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth’s honesty proves to be an important factor all through the book. This honest woman only lies once throughout the entire book. She tells this lie to Danforth in order to protect her husband’s reputation from being blackened in the village. Her honesty proves true when she is sent to jail for witchcraft, and she discovers she is pregnant. When she tells Danforth he says â€Å" There be no sign of it- we have examined her body† (92). In the last act, while talking to her husband, he asks â€Å"The child?† She then replies, â€Å"It grows† (134). This proves she was being honest while in jail. Another instance of her honesty is when she is charged with being a witch. Although the punishment was less severe for admitting to being a witch rather than claiming to be innoc...

Mcq’s

PMS CSS GENERAL KNOWLEDGE MCQS 1- what plants exhale at night Carbon dioxide 2- velocity of sound M/s3433- 3- Which vitamins not stored in human body? C 4- lake of vitamin c create which disease Skin disease 5-which vitamin helps blood clotting? K 6-Founder of Muslim rule in India? Qutubuddin Abek 7-Razia Sultana belongs to? Slave dynasty 8-Second battle of pani pat fought b/w correct option was not present my answer was none of these(akbar vs himu bakal) 9- Attack fort was constructed By Akbar 10- Marcher lake situated in? Dadu 11- Pakistan number among world  population? 6th 12- share of Punjab among area of Pakistan 5% 13- Length of Khyber pass 53km 14- Uranium resources found in Pakistan? D G khan 15- Mostly part of gobi desert found in ? Magnolia 16- Taklimakan desert found Inxinjaning china 17- Longest river of the world is? Nile 18- Largest sea of the world? South China Sea 19-Largest coastal boundary country? Canada 20- Brazil situated in? South America 21-Which country is peninsula? Saudi Arabia 22- Pakistan situates on which line? 1- equator 2- cancer 3- inecapricorn 4-  none 2- correet answer is option 4 23- McMahan line is situated b/w? India and china 24- Who is david patrias? american general in Afghanistan 5- 1 meter is equal to? 3. 28 foot 26- Caspian sea makes his boundaries with Iran, Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan. 27- Largest agency among area in Pakistan? South Waziristan 28- Old name of Iraq? Mesopotamia 29-Blood is red due to? Hemoglobin 30-Marian trance situated near? Philippines 31- Headquarter of ghandhara civilization is? Texila 32- Head quarter of SAARC is situated at? Katmandu 33- Maximum wool producing country is? Australia 34- Official religion of japan is? Shintoism 35- Which element use for producing nuclear fuel? Uranium 36- How many rooku in 30 Para of Quran? 9 37-which is less conductor? 1- iron, 2-copper 3- silver 4-  wood My answer was wood but not satisfied 38-nigara fall lies b/w USA and Canada 39- Which is smallest country of world among area 1- Maldives 2- Malta 3- San Marino 4- Bahrain Correct answer is option 3 San Marino 40-Holy Prophet PBUH appointed governor of Yemen for collection zakat? Hazrat Muaz bin Jabal 41- How many times zakat  mention in Quran? 32 times 42-which Sura gives details among zakat receiver? Sura Tuba 43-where1st wahii nazall hoe? Ghar-e-hira 44- When zakat declared must 2 hijra 45-Light of sun reach in earth 8. 5 mint While other options was 3mint 4mint 6. 5 mint) 46- Headquarter of ILO situated in? Geneva 47- Muslim league name was purposed by? Nawab Saleem Ullah Khan of Dhaka 48- Jaundice is disturb of which part  of body Liver 49- Quaid Azam leaves congress due ton on- cooperative moment by Gandhi 50-in hepatitis which organ disturb? Liver 51- Nisab in the amount of gold? 87. 48 gram (But in paper there was not dot  present b/w 87 and48) 52- Nisab in silver is? 612. 32 gram 53-produce which is equal to nisab? 948kg wheat or equal 54-if a pe rson having millat1800kg whose prize is half among wheat who many rupees he pay zakat zero 5-who was Father of the French Revolution? Jean-Jacques Rousseau – 56-statue of freedom in new york is given by France 57- Wall street is a famous? Stock market in New York 58- Sunlight consists of coolers? a-1 b- 3 c-7 (Not  confirm waiting for reply) 59-theory of relativity is presented by? Einstein 60- Cash crop is? Which not cultivated for own use 61-artificial cultivated area gives amount usher equal  to 1/20 62- If a person obtained something from underground the amount of zakat applicable? 1/5 63-zakat among goat applicable on? 40 goats 64- Amount of zakat among gold silver  and similar things . 5 % 65- A government company obtained 1 billion net profit tell  who much rupees its gives as  a zakat Zero 66-zakat ordinance promulgated on 20 June 1980 67-according to section17 tauluqa committee is equal to tehsil committee 68- dasman palace is residence ofameer kwait 69-pro celain tower is present inchina 70- which muslim organization founded in 1962 71- crtography is the study of secret writing 72-founder of souct momemtRobert Baden-Powell 73- elysee palace is the  residence offrench president 74- second largest population in afghanistan? tajik 75-worldwide spread disease is called? epidemic 6- zakat year start on according to hijra clender 77- zakat year end ? 30 shaban 78- governer appointe chief administer with the consult withfederal government 79- administerator general appointed bypresident 80- The magnitude of earthquake is measured with? Richter Scale 81- Who forwarded the Lahore(Pakistan) Resolution? A. K fazlul haq 82- East India Company came to India in the reign of: A)Shah Jahan B) Jahangir C) Aurangzeb D) Babar 83- The largest Muslim country according to area is? kazakistan 84- Zakat can be spent on:A)Travelers B) Slaves C) Masakin D)All of these 85- Zakat is exempted on:A)Sheep grazing fed free in pastures B) Fruits  C) Vegetables D) All of  them 86- Who was known as the Man of Destiny? nepolin bona part 87- Adam's Peak is in? sri lanka 88- According to the Zakat Ordinance Zakat arrears are collected by? tehsildar 89- Red Cross/Crescent HQ is in? geneva 90-Brain Draintransfer of Skilled labors 91–light year complete direction in1 year 92–musician of antham isAhmed gulami chagla 93- first ushr receive ? 1982-83 rabi crop 94-DZ committe disolved if]member remain not pious 95- if a person failed  to pay zakat what act can do? send a notice. 1) Which of the following rivers crosses the equator twice? ) Congo 2) Which is the longest river of America? b) Mississippi 3) Don is river of ? b) Russia 4) What is the length  of khyber pass? c) 56 km 5) Longest glacier of the world is  Lambert situated in Antarctica, what is it'slength? a) 320 Miles 6) Which of the following lake is most polluted lake in the world? d) Lake eire 7) Tugela water fall is present in? b) South Africa 8) Gota canal is the sh ip canal situated in ? c) Sweden 9) Kiel canal of Germany was opened in  1895 what is it's length? c) 61. 3 miles 10) Erie canal is situated in ? c) USA 11) Houston and Delware canals are present in the country? b) France 2) Grand canal is oldest man made canal for shiping  purpose situated in? b) China 13) Persian Gulf is located in? b) Arabian ocean 14) Sutherland waterfall is present in? a) New-Zealand 15) Hudson Bay is situated in? c) Northern Canada 16) Which is the largest gulf of the world? a) Gulf of Mexico 17) Which is the largest bay of the world? a) Hudson bay 18) Yosemite is a famous waterfall of ? a) USA 19) Strait of Bosporous connects? c) Black sea and sea of  marmara 20) It separates Italy from Sicily? c) Messina 21) Strait of malacca separates? b) Malaysia and indonesia 22) Which of the following straits separate india From Sri Lanka? ) Palk 23) Which of the following straits separate Malaysia from Singapore? b) Johor 24) Budapest is the capital of  Hungary situated on the bank of? c) River Danube 25) Sea of Marmara and Aegean sea are connected by the strait? c) Dardanelles 26) Cook strait separates south New-Zealand from? b) North New-Zealand 27) Paris is the capital of France situated on the bank of? a) Seine 28) English channel separates England from? b) France 29) Agra is very famous city of India due to Taj Mahal, it is situated on thebank of river? c) Jumna 30) Great victoria desert is present in  ? c) Australia †¢ Yome -Afra is called to Hajj day. Name of the place  where the pilgrims go from Arafat: Muzdalfa. †¢ First structure of Kaaba was built by  Adam. †¢ Ibrahim & Ismail rebuilt Kaaba 4500 years ago. †¢ Yum -e-Nahar is called to the Day of Sacrifice. †¢ Yum e Arafat is 9th Zul Hajj. †¢ One khutba is recited during Hajj. †¢ Al -Imarn is the surah in which Hajj is commanded. †¢ Holy prophet sacrificed 63 camels during  hajj. †¢ Adam and Hazrat Hawa performed  the first e ver Hajj. †¢ Running b/w Safa & Marwa seven t imes is called Sayee. †¢ Most important step of Hajj after assuming Ahram is Wuquf. †¢ Waqoof -e-Arfah is the Rukn-e-Azam of Hajj With the performance of Rami on  the 10th Zil -Hajj, the most of the bindings of Hajj on thepilgrim are released. †¢ Three uprigh t stones are called Jamarat. †¢ After Waquf the most important step is Tawaf. †¢ In Hajj there are three obligations (Farz). †¢ Umrah can be performed  at any time throughout the year  except 9th to 11th Zil -Hajj. †¢ Hujjaj stat at Mina for one day, the second d ay at Arafat and the final day, encampment is donefor a night at Muzdalfah, it is called Wuquf. †¢ Who said that Hajj is  greatest of all worships:Imam Malik. †¢ How many undesirable acts of Ihraam are there: six. How many permitted acts of Ihraam are  ther e:Four. †¢ Prohibitions and restructions of Ihram are  8. †¢ The first and the foremost Farz of  Hajj and Umrah is Ihram. †¢ The first and inner most circle around Ka‘ba is Masjid -e-Haram. †¢ The second circle around Kaba is Makkah Mukaramah. †¢ The third circle around Kaba is Haram. †¢ Who firsly fixed boundaries of Haram, the third circle around Kaaba: Adam. †¢ The fourth cirle around Kaba is Mowaqeet. †¢ The place where no one can advance without putting on Ihram is Mowaqeet. †¢ Two thousand years before the creation of Adam, Kaba was constructed. †¢ Angels built Kaba firstly in  the universe. During the Noah‘s time Kaaba disappeared due to flood. †¢ The gate which is the best for the pilgrims to enter in Kaba is Bab -e-Salam. †¢ Hajr -e-Aswad means black stone. †¢ Actual color of Hajr-e-Aswad was white. †¢ The small piece of land  b/wk Rukn -e-Islam and Rukn-e-Yamani is called Hateem. †¢ The place where offering prayer is just like offering prayer inside Kaba is Hateem. †¢ There are fiv e types of Tawaf. †¢ Hajji go to Al -Multazim after completing the seven rounds. †¢ Al -Multazim means the place of holding. †¢ The portion of the wall of Kaba which is b/w its door and Hajr   -e-Aswad is called al-Multazim. Sayee is commenced from Safa and  ends at Marwa. †¢ After performing Say‘ ee Hujjaj go to Mina. †¢ Muzdalfa is a plain. †¢ Muzdalfa is located b/w Mina & Arafat. †¢ Muzdalfa is located six miles from Makkah. †¢ From Mina Muzdalfa is three miles  away. †¢ Muzdalfa is called Sacred Monument in Quran. †¢ At Muzdalfa Maghrib & Isha  prayers are offered together. †¢ Pebbles are collected from  Muzdalfa. †¢ Jamarat which is nearest to Makkah is  called Jamarat -ul-Uqba. †¢ Smallest Jamarat is Jamarat -al-Sughra. †¢ Rami is held at Mina. †¢ Talbiah is stopped after Rami. †¢ Afrad, Qar‘ran and Tamatae are he types of Hajj. †¢ Dhulhulaifah is the Meeqat for the pe ople of Pakistan. †¢ Dhulhulaifah is a point six mile  from Madina. islamic history month wise outlines Muharram-ul-Haram 1st – Start of new Islamic year2nd – Arrival of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) in Karbala – (61 A. H. )7th – Access to water was blocked from the  camp of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) – the 3rd Holy Imam – (61 A. H. )10th – Ashoora – Martyrdom of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) and his companions – (61 A. H. )11th – Prophet Mohammad(sawaw)‘s family was shackled a nd taken away as prisoners 12th – Soyem of the martyrs of Karbala 16th –Change of direction of qibla from Bait-al-maqdas to Kaaba – (2 A. H. )17th – Attack of Abraha‘s army on Khana -e-Kaaba (1 Aamul Feel)25th – Martyrdom of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) – the 4th Holy Imam – (95 A. H. ) Safar-ul-Muzaffar 1st – Battle of Siffin – (36-37 A. H. )3rd – Birth of Imam Mohammad Baqir(a. s. ) – the 5th Holy Imam – (57 A. H. ) [Disputed date]6th, 8th or 13th – Martyrdom of Hazrat Sakina bint-al-Hussain(a. s. ) – (61 A. H. ) 7th – Birth of Imam Moosa al-Kazim(a. s. ) – the 7th Holy Imam – (128 A. H. ) 7th – Martyrdom of Imam Hasan(a. s. ) – the 2nd Holy Imam – (50 A. H. ) [Disputed date] 7th – Martyrdom of Imam Ali ibn-e-Moosa ar-Riza(a. s. ) – the 8th Holy Imam – (203 A. H. )19th – Abraha attacked Khana-e-Kaaba – (1 Aamul Feel)20th – Arbaeen of martyrs of Karbala 28th – Wisal of Prophet  Muhammad(sawaw) – (11 A. H. )28th – Martyrdom of Imam Hasan(a. s. ) – the 2nd Holy Imam – (50 A. H. )29th – Martyrdom of Imam Ali ibn-e-Moosa ar-Riza(a. s. ) – the 8th Holy Imam – (203 A. H. ) [Disputed date] Rabi-al-Awwal 1st – Hijrat-e-Madina – Start of Islamic Hijri calendar4th – Dea th of Hazrat Fatima  Masooma-e-Qum(a. s. ) – (201 A. H. ) [Disputed date]8th – Martyrdom of Imam Hasan Askari(a. s. ) – he 11th Holy Imam – (260 A. H. ) 8th – Beginning of Ghaibat-e-Sughra of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) – the 12th Holy Imam(a. s. )9th – Eid-e-Zahra(s. a. )10th – Death of Hazrat Abdul Mutallib(a. s. ) – grand father of Prophet  Muhammad(sawaw) 10th – Marriage of Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) and Hazrat Khadija(s. a. )15th – Building of Masjid-e-Quba – the first Masjid in Islam – (1 A. H. )17th – Birth of  Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) – (53 years before Hijra) 17th – Birth of Imam Jafer Sadiq(a. s. ) – the 6th Holy Imam – (82 A. H. )25th – Death of Hazrat Abu Talib(a. s. ) Rabi-us-Sani 8th or 10th – Birth of Imam Hasan Askari(a. . ) – the 11th Holy Imam – (232 A. H. )10th – Death of Hazrat Fatima Masooma-e-Qum(a. s. ) – (201 A. H. ) [Disputed date] Jamadi-al-Awwal 5th – Birth of Hazrat Zainab bint-e-Ali(a. s. ) – (5 A. H. )13th – Death of Hazrat Fatima Zahra(s. a. ) – (11 A. H. )15th – Birth of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) – the 4th Holy Imam – (38 A. H. ) [Disputed date] 17th – Battle of Jamal – (36 A. H. ) Jamadi-us-Sani 10th – Battle of Mauta and martyrdom of Hazra Jafer Tayyar(a. s. ) – (3 A. H. )13th – Death of Hazrat Umm-ul-Baneen – Mother of Hazrat Abbas(a. s. ) 20th – Birth of Hazrat Fatima Zahra(s. a. ) Rajab-ul-Murrajjab st – Birth of Imam Mohammad Baqir(a. s. ) – the 5th Holy Imam – (57 A. H. )2nd or 5th – Birth of Imam Ali Naqi al-Hadi(a. s. ) – the 10th Holy Imam – (214 A. H. )3rd – Martyrdom of Imam Ali Naqi al-Hadi(a. s. ) – the 10th Holy Imam – (254 A. H. ) 10th – Birth of Imam Mohammad Taqi  al-Jawwa d(a. s. ) – the 9th Holy Imam – (195 A. H. )12th – Death of Hazrat Abbas ibn-e-Abdul Muttalib(a. s. ) – uncle of Prophet  Mohammad(sawaw)13th – Birth of Imam Ali(a. s. ) – the 1st Holy Imam – (30 Aamul Feel) 13th, 14th, 15th – Ayyam-e-Bayd – the bright days15th – Death of Hazrat Zainab bin-e-Ali(a. s. ) – (62 A. H. )20th Birth of Hazrat Sakina bint-al-Hussain(a. s. ) – (57 A. H. ) 24th – Battle of Khaibar – (7 A. H. )25th – Martyrdom of Imam Moosa-e-Kazim(a. s. ) – the 7th Holy Imam – (183 A. H. )26th – Death of Hazrat Abu Talib(a. s. ) [Disputed date] 27th – Event of Mairaj – Ascension of Prophet Muhammad(sawaw) towards heavens28th – Start of journey of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) towards Karbala – (60 A. H. )29th – Battle of Tabooq – (9 A. H. ) Shabaan-ul-Moazzam 1st – Birth of Hazrat Zainab bint-e-Ali(a. s. ) â⠂¬â€œ (5 A. H. ) 3rd – Birth of Imam Hussain(a. s. ) – the  3rd Holy Imam – (4 A. H. )4th – Birth of Hazrat Abbas(a. s. – (26  A. H. )5th – Birth of Imam Ali Zain-al-Abideen(a. s. ) – the 4th Holy Imam – (38 A. H. ) 7th – Birth of Hazrat Qasim ibn-e-Hasan(a. s. ) –  (48 A. H. )8th – Beginning of Ghaibat-e-Sughra of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) – the 12th Holy Imam – (260A. H. ) 11th – Birth of Hazrat Ali  Akbar(a. s. ) – (44 A. H. )13th, 14th, 15th – Ayyam-e-Bayd – the bright days14th – Evening – Aamal of Neema-e-Shabaan 15th – Birth of Imam Mohammad Mehdi(atfs) – the 12th Holy Imam – (255  A. H. ) 238. The commandment for observing Fast has been stipulated in the Surah†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦   Al-Baqara239. What is atonement for breaking the Fast?To feed 60 people240. It is a door through which fast observing people would enter pa radise. Bab-ul-Riyan241. Which important night falls in Ramzan? Lailat-ul-Qadr242. How many days are forbidden for fasting throughout the year? 5243. In which month virtues flourish and evil is suppressed? Ramzan244. What is the meaning of Aitekaf? Seclusion245. Aitekaf during the month of Ramzan is. Wajib246. Which Rukn-e-Islam is called as shield? Fasting247. Which is the Third fundamental pillar of Islam? Fasting248. When Siyyam of Ramzan was ordered? 2 A. H 249. Tarawih is a prayer of Ramzan. It means†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. To stand250.Which important Ghazwa was fought in the very first Ramzan? Badr251. Who arranged Namaz-e-Tarawih in the leadership of Imam? Hazrat Umar (R. A) 252. Literally meaning of Hajj is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The will of visit 254. Hajj was made obligatory in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 A. H253. Yome- Afra is called†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Hajj Day 254. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) performed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Hajj in his life. One 255. Hajj is a pilgrimage of†¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Holy Kabba256. When did the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) offer Hajj? 10 A. H 257. There are†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. types of Hajj. Three258. In which Surah Hajj has been commanded? Al-Baqara259. How many camels the Holy Prophet (PBUH) scarified? 63260. Shoot meansOne tawaf of Kabba 261. The day of sacrifice during Hajj is called†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Yum-e-Nehr262. The rite of offering sacrifice is performed atMina 263. Jamarat on 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th of the Zil Hajj is performed in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Mina264. Which two prayers are offered together at Muzdalifa on the 9th Zil-ul-Hajj? Maghrib-Isha 265. The number of Khutbas during the Hajj is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. One266. The first Hajj was performed byHazrat Adam (A. S), Hazrat Hawa (A. S)267. Who built the first structure of the holy Kabba? Hazrat Adam (A. S)268. What is the fundamental pillar of Islam which requires both physical and financialsacrifices? Hajj269.Literally Jihad meansTo strive hard 27 0. Jihad was ordained on Muslims through a Quranic verse in†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(A. H)   2nd271. The battle was forbidden i n Arabs in the month of†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Muharram272. The word Jihad is derived from the wordJuhada 273. The meaning of Jihad fi Sbil Allah is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Fighting in the way of Allah274. What is the meaning of Qital? Fighting275. How many encounters took place between the Muslims and non-Muslims during the lifeof the Holy Prophet (PBUH)? 82276. What is the meaning of Rukn? Support277. What is the plural f Rukn? Arkan278. What is said to Namaz in Arabic? Salat279. What are the meanings of Salat?Rehmat, Barkat280. When Namaz was ordered? On 27th Rajab 10th Hijri on the occasion of Mehraj281. What is the difference between Kufr and Islam? Namaz282. Name the five NamazFajar, Zuhar, Asar, Maghrib, Isha 283. Describe the Farz Rakaats of each NamazFajar 2, Zuhar 4, Asar 4, Maghrib 3, Isha 4284. What are the Farz of Namaz (Salat)? Qayyam, Rakoo, Sajda 285. Which kind of worship is liked by Allah? Namaz286. When Wazoo was ordered? 5 Hijra287. When Azan was started? 1 Hijra288. When Tayammum was ordered? 5 Hijra289. Namaz-Ba-Jamaat is how much better than individual Namaz? 27 times290. In which timings the Namaz is prohibited?Sun rising, suns setting, sun at the mid291. When first azan was read in Kabba? 9 Hijri, on the occasion of conquest of Makah292. Which Namaz Allah likes among Nafli Namaz? Namaz-e-Tahajat293. What the Namaz-e-Jumma and Eids create in Muslims? Collectiveness (Gathering)294. When is Namaz-e-Kasoof read? At the time of Solar eclipse295. When Namaz-e-Kauf is read? When no rains296. How many Takbeers are in Namaz-e-Janaza? Four297. When the order for Tahweel-e-Qibla was made? 2 Hijri298. When first Namaz of Eid-ul-Fitr was read? 1st Shawal, 2 Hijri 1. On Judgement Day, what will be asked first? Namaz2.How many times word Zakat is used in Makki Surahs? 22 times3. What is the rate of usher for canal irrigated Zameen ? 5 per cent or 1/54. Who are not entitled to get Zakat? Parents, Husband, wife and children5. What is the 4th Rukn (pillar) of Islam? Roza (fasting)6. How many Arkan Roza has? Three, to restrict eating, drinking and sexual intercourse7. What are the objectives of Roza? Taqwa, Zabti-Nafas, Shukar8. What we say to 1st Ashra of Ramzan catacomb of fractures and discharge at the lowest point around the reservoir and the Indus River. Damming the Indus has already caused a number of environmental problems that have not yetaddressed.Silt deposited in the proposed Kalabagh dam would further curtail the water storagecapacity of Manchar Lake and other lakes and of wetlands like Haleji Lake. President General Musharraf and other leaders, such as Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz, have   promised ? iron -clad' constitutional guarantees to ensure that Sindh gets its fair share of water. However, these assurances mean little to most Sindhis, who point out that even the earlier 1991Indus Water-Sharing Accord, which is a document already guaranteed by the constitutional body, the Council of Common Interests, has been violated,  and that Punjab has ? tolen† their water. The objection to Kalabagh in Sindh is widespread. Even political parties of Sindh that are in thecentral cabinet and are supported by General Musharraf, such as the MQM, have stronglydenounced the dam. NWFP viewpointThe NWFP has two main objections to the dam. While the reservoir will be in the NWFP, the  dam's electricity-generating turbines will be justacross the provincial border in Punjab. Therefore, Punjab would get royalties from the centralgovernment in Islamabad for generating electricity. Contrary to this,  however, Punjab has agreednot to accept any royalties from the Kalabagh Dam.The fact that the  NWFP will suffer theadverse consequences of the reservoir but not get royalties is seen as unfair. Concerns that large areas of Nowshera district would be submerged by the dam and even widerareas would suffer from waterlogging and salinity  as has occurred with the  Tarbela Dam. Balochistan viewpointThe dam does not directly affect the Baloch as such. Rather, most nationalist Baloch Sardars seesthe dam as another instance of Punjab lording it over the smaller provinces. By opposing the damthey are signaling their disaffection with being the  poorest province and most neglected of all indevelopment.In reality Balochistan can only get more water and its due share after theconstruction of Kalabagh dam and Kachhi canal. The Common Man's ViewpointMajority of people of Pakistan are against the construction Kalabagh dam, as its construction canprove a danger to sustain the unification of provinces under the name ‘Pakistan'. The only peoplewho want the construction of Kalabagh dam can be classified into two groups: The first is thehigh ranked officers of Pakistan army, who  will be granted farmlands to be  irrigated by Kalabaghdam after the retirements (in fact thes e are the  most powerful supporters of dam).The secondgroup is the political leaders of Punjab; since the issue has turned out be a war between Sindh andPunjab, so by favouring the construction of Dam, Punjabi politicians can maintain their vote-bank. The only reason why President Pervaiz Musharaf favours Kalabhgh dam is because he needs the support of Punjab to sustain his dictatorship in the country. All the ? oppressed' provinces (Sindh, NWFP and Balochistan) of the country has already expressed a huge concernover the construction of dam, specially in Sindh where every single street has observed the protestagainst the dam.The people of these oppressed provinces do not believe in any guarantee from ? Punjabiz' Pakistani government as it has already do ne many decisions against theconstitution/treaties, for example, the regulation of water in Chashma-Jehlem link canal. AnalysisMost independent analysts believe that the foremost problem with the proposed dam at Kalabaghis one of a trust deficit between the Punjab on one side and the other three provinces on the other. The noted columnist, Ayaz Amir suggested that the people of Punjab should redefine theirassumptions about the rest of Pakistan and distribution of resources.A layman of Punjab does notunderstand why the rest of Pakistan does not trust Punjab. The answer, according to Amir, lies inthe frequent coups staged by the Pakistan Army (which is overwhelmingly Punjabi in itscomposition), as well as the Army's extra-constitutional intervention and influence in publicsector and civil institutions of the country in general and Sindh in  particular. Now no province isready to trust the Punjab. All Pakistanis agree that Pakistan faces a severe water shortage, and that some form of watermanagement must be implemented soon.Many point out that even if work on Kalabagh were tostart tomorrow, it would still take at least eight  years to complete and commission  such a largedam. In the meantime, the water sit uation would continue to worsen. Smaller dams, barrages, andcanals must be built before that, and water conservation techniques introduced. The WAPDA for years repeatedly changed its statistics on the dam, to the point where no-one inPakistan now believes any of its figures. Government of Pakistan formed a technical committee,headed by A.N. G. Abbasi, to study the technical merits of the Kalabagh dam vis-a-vis the othertwo. The four-volume technical report concluded that Bhasha or Katzarah dam should be builtbefore Kalabagh, further complicating matters. To make matters even more complex, the reportalso stated that Kalabagh and Bhasha Dams could be considered feasible. The abrupt way in which President General Musharraf announced the decision to build the dam,simply overruling the objections of the smaller states, has sharply polarised public opinion.In Punjab the view is one of  ?†¦ its high time! † while in the other states, especially Sindh,  the reactionhas been o ne of ?†¦ over my dead body!?. The fact that the General literally dragged so controversial an issue off the backburner and thrustit into national centre stage without considering  the predictable reactions from the smallerprovinces has left many aghast. Much has been said in the press, and the issue is still far frombeing resolved. KAROONJHAR DAMKaroonjhar Dam is a dam in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan.MANGLA DAMAs per the Indus Waters Treaty signed in 1960, India gained rights for the Ravi, Sutlej and Beasrivers, while Pakistan, in addition to waters of above three rivers in her area and some monetarycompensation, got rights to develop the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus river basins. Until 1967, theentire irrigation system of Pakistan was fully dependent on unregulated flows of the  Indus and itsmajor tributaries. The agricultural yield was very low for a  number of reasons, the  most importantbeing a lack of water during critical growing  periods.This problem stemmed from t he seasonalvariations in the river flow and the absence of storage reservoirs to conserve the vast amounts of  surplus water during periods of high river  discharge. The Mangla Dam was the first development project undertaken to reduce this shortcoming andstrengthen the irrigation system. The dam was  damaged partially during an  Indian Air Forcebombing in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 when the hydel project was hit by the bombs. The Mangla Dam projectThe Mangla Dam, the twelfth largest dam and third largest earth-filled dam in the world, is only115 km southeast of Rawalpindi.One has to turn left from Dina Town and the dam on riverJhelum is about 14 km to the east. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River, about 100miles southeast of the federal capital, Islamabad. The main structures of the dam include 4embankment dams, 2 spillways, 5 power-cum-irrigation tunnels and a power station. The main dam is 10,300 feet long and 454 feet high (above core trench) with a re servoir of 97. 7square miles. Since its first impounding in 1967, sedimentation has occurred to the extent of 1. 13MAF, and the present gross storage capacity has declined to 4. 5 MAF from the actual design of  5. 88 MAF. The live capacity has declined to 4. 58 MAF from 5. 34 MAF. This implies a reductionof 19. 22% in the capacity of the dam. The project was designed primarily to increase the amount of water that could be used forirrigation from the flow of the Jhelum and its  tributaries. Its secondary function was to generateelectrical power from the irrigation releases at the artificial head of  the reservoir. The project wasnot designed as a flood control structure, although some benefit in this respect also arises from itsuse for irrigation and water supply.In the centre of the dam there is a Gakkhar Fort from where one can have a panoramic view of thelake. MIRANI DAMMirani Dam is located in Gwadar District, Balochistan,  Pakistan. Mirani Dam multipurposeproject, is loc ated on Dasht River, about 30 miles west of Turbat in Makran Division of  Balochistan, it envisages provision of dependable irrigation supplies for the development ref  irrigated agriculture on the two banks of the river. The project have been completed in November2006 and inaugurated by president Pervaiz of Pakistan.SHAKIDOR DAMThe Shakidor (Shadi Kor) dam is located near Pasni, in the Balochistan province of south westPakistan, 1,900 km (1,180 miles) from Islamabad and has a length of about 148 meters (485 feet). It was built in 2003, at a  cost of 45 million rupees (758,853 dollars), to provide irrigation water tothe nearby farms. On February 10, 2005, the dam burst under the pressure of a weeks' worth of rain, killing at least70 villagers and dragging their bodies  to the Arabian Sea. The  Pakistani military was sent intoemergency Search and Rescue operations, saving 1,200 people but still having to account for over400 missing.SUKKAR BARRAGEThe Sukkur barrage is a barr age across the Indus river near the city of Sukkur, Pakistan. It wasbuilt during the British Raj from 1923 to 1932 as the Lloyd Barrage to  help alleviate faminescaused by lack of rain. The barrage enables water to flow through what was originally a 6166-mile long network of canals, feeding the  largest irrigation system in the world, with more than  5million acres (20,000 km? ) of irrigated land. The retaining wall has sixty-six spans, each 60 feet wide; each span has a gate which weighs 50tons.TARBELA DAMTarbela Dam (or the National Dam), the world's largest earth-filled dam on one of the world'smost important rivers – the Indus-, is 103  km from Rawalpindi near Haripur District. It is a majorsource of Pakistan's total hydroelectric capacity. Tarbela Dam is part of the Indus Basin Project,which resulted from a water treaty signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan, guaranteeingPakistan water supplies independent of upstream control by India. Construction began in 19 68,and was completed in 1976 at a cost of Rs. 18. 5 billion. Over 15,000 Pakistani and 800 foreignworkers and engineers worked during its construction.It is the biggest hydel power station inPakistan having a capacity of generating 3,478 MW of electricity. The dam has a volume of  138,600,000 cubic yards (106,000,000 m? ). With a reservoir capacity of 11,098,000 acre-feet(13. 69 km? ), the dam is 469  feet (143 m) high and 8,997 feet (2,743 m) wide at its crest whiletotal area of the lake is 260 sq. km. It helps to maintain the flow of the Indus during seasonalfluctuations. A new, smaller hydroelectric power project has been developed downstream known as the GhaziBarotha Hydel Power Project.It is solely for  generating electricity and has a  water channel withthe highest flow in the world. While the dam has fulfilled its purpose in  storing water for agricultural use in Pakistan,  there havebeen environmental consequences to the Indus river delta. Reductions of seasonal flooding andreduced water flows to the delta have decreased mangrove stands and the abundance of some fishspecies. Permits are required for visiting the Dam. Please contact Public Relations Officer (PRO), Waterand Power Development Authority (WAPDA), Tarbela (Tel: 051-568941-2).A No-ObjectionCertificate (NOC) from the Ministry of Interior (Shaheed-e-Millat Sectt. ), Islamabad is alsorequired for foreign visitors. DIAMER-BHASHA DAMDiamer-Bhasha Dam is the name of a dam that has been planned in the Northern Areas of  Pakistan on the River Indus. It is located about 314 km upstream of Tarbela Dam and about 165km downstream of Gilgit. The dam is expected to create a large reservoir with a gross capacity of  7. 3 million-acre feet (9 km? ) submerging large tracts of land  in the Diamer district. The dam issupposed to have a power generation capacity of 3. 60 megawatts and is expected to considerableease up the skewed hydro to thermal power generation ratio in Pakistan. It is expect ed that thedetailed drawings of the dam would be completed by March 2008, immediately after whichconstruction work shall begin. TANDA DAM (RAMSAR SITE)Tanda Dam is lcated in  Kohat District, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. The sitecomprises a small water storage area in  semi-arid hills in the  catchments of the Kohat Toi River. Although most of the shoreline is steep, stony and devoid of aquatic vegetation, at the west endthere are some areas of gently shelving muddy shores with a small amount of emergent

The Rape of Lucrece Themes

Shakespeares greatest poem is  The Rape of Lucrece. Explore some of the key themes in this classic text. The Plague It has been suggested that this poem reflects fears about the plague, which was rampant in Shakespeare’s England. The dangers of inviting a stranger into your home could result in your body being ravaged by disease, as Lucrece is ravaged. She kills herself to save her family from shame, but if the rape signifies the plague might she kill herself to prevent the disease from spreading? The play was written at a time when the theaters would have been closed to prevent the spreading of the plague and may, therefore, have informed Shakespeare’s writing. The story would have been familiar to Elizabethans and various versions of it were already available. Love and Sexuality The Rape of Lucrece serves as an antidote to Venus and Adonis in that it provides a moral contrast to how it deals with the idea of love and sexuality. Tarquin is unable to subdue his desires despite misgivings and he suffers for this, as does the undeserving Lucrece and her family. It is a cautionary tale of what can happen if you let your desires run free. Tarquin, Lines 267-271 Why hunt I then for colour or excuses?All orators are dumb when beauty pleadethPoor wretches have remorse in poor abuses;Love thrives not in the heart that shadows dreadeth;Affection is my captain, and he leadeth This play is a contrast to the romantic comedy of As You Like It, for example, where the pursuit of love and affection is treated in a light, though hard-won, way. This poem highlights the dangers of self-satisfaction and pursuing the wrong person. The pastoral is replaced by the military and instead of a game; the pursuit of a woman is seen as the spoils of war but in the end, it is seen for what it is which is a kind of a war crime. The poem comes under the genre known as the complaint, a type of poem which was popular in the late middle ages and Renaissance. This style was particularly popular at the time when this poem was written. A complaint is usually in the form of a monologue in which the narrator laments and bewails their fate or the sad state of the world. The Rape of Lucrece fits the complaints’ highly elaborate style, which uses digressions and long speeches. Themes of Rape Violation often takes Biblical images in The Rape of Lucrece. Tarquin takes on the role of Satan in the garden of Eden, violating an innocent and incorruptible Eve. Collatine takes on the role of Adam, who lures Satan in with his boastful discourse about his wife and her beauty. When he takes the apple from the tree, the Snake enters Lucrece’s bedchamber and violates her. Lines 85-87 This earthly saint adored by this devilLittle suspecteth the false worshipper,For unstained thoughts do seldom dream on evil. Collatine is responsible for inciting Tarquin’s desires and redirecting his rage from the enemy in the field to his own wife. Tarquin becomes jealous of Collatine and instead of vanquishing an army, his desires are redirected towards Lucrece as his prize. Lucrece is described as if she is a work of art; Lines 27-28 Honour and beauty in the owner’s armsAre weakly fortressed from a world of harms. Tarquin’s rape of her is described as if she is a fortress under attack. He conquers her physical attributes. Through her suicide, Lucrece’s body becomes a political symbol. As feminism later coined, the personal is political and the King and his family are finally overthrown to make way for the Republic to be formed. Lines 1849-1855 When they had sworn to this advised doomThey did conclude to bear dead Lucrece thenceTo show her bleeding body thorough Rome,And to publish Tarquin’s foul offence;Which being done with speedy diligence,The Romans plausibly did give consentTo Tarquin’s everlasting banishment. Source Shakespeare, William. The Rape of Lucrece. Paperback, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, March 11, 2018.