The Changes Of The Situation Of Women As Presented In Three Cuban Film

The Changes Of The Situation Of Women As Presented In Three Cuban Films The Changes of the Situation of Women as Presented in Three Cuban Films The Cuban revolution has brought about great change for women. Prior to Castros reign, women mainly had lives that revolved around the household, and very few had professional jobs. Also, they were traditionally seen as subordinate to men in political and social situations. Gradually, women became more active outside of the household and started to participate in revolutionary pursuits, as well as take care of the family. Along with the revolutionary ideals of social equality in Cuba, came a strong womens rights movement a struggle against the historical structures of machismo. Although much has been accomplished to better the gender discrimination and sexism, women in Cuba are still in a situation where they have to sacrifice themselves. As we see in three films from throughout the post-revolutionary period, the situation has changed, but not improved for the women of Cuba. In Mihail Kalatozovs 1964 film, I am Cuba, the second vignette comments most about the situation of women. There are many shots of scantily clad women that suggest the importance of physical beauty. The story begins in at a hotel with Cuban women participating in a bathing suit contest, while rich tourists watch. The viewer already notices how the Cuban women are being degraded for the satisfaction of the Americans. As the story progresses, we see the protagonist, Maria, get proposed to, something that does not make her very happy. It seems as if she would rather work and be single than the wife of a revolutionary. Next, in the nightclub, Maria, or now named Betty to be more American, is introduced to some American men who like her for her beauty. We know that she is highly sexualized by the portrait one of them draws of her that is really a picture of a breast. While she is dancing with the men, we get to see Marias emotional state. She is frantically thrown around; she has no contr ol over the situation, and we can see the despair on her face. This scene shows how much Maria feels trapped as a woman in Cuba. Later, when she brings a man home for money, she is not ashamed of the muddy barrio in which she lives. In fact, she takes extra care of the growing plant outside of her house. This demonstrates her hope for the future. As the man leaves, he takes her crucifix, and her self-respect. Her fiance returns to find the man leaving the exploited Maria. In this film we realize how really desperate the women of this time are. Maria, a sex object, has no voice throughout the film. She is trapped in a world controlled by men and foreigners. She is forced to alter her identity and sell her body to live in her own country comfortably, yet still impoverished. The next film was made after the revolution began to bring more social equality to Cuba. Pastor Vegas film, Portrait of Teresa (1979), displays a mothers struggle between her family and her duties as a good revolutionary. During this time, the feminist movement is sweeping the country and more women are working and going to college. The revolution brought on more ways for women to be active in the government and arts. Teresa wants very badly to have a job and do extra revolutionary activities, while taking care of three sons and an inconsiderate husband. She realizes that this cannot work unless her husband decides to accept her commitment to her profession. Throughout the film, she is presented with many discouragements. Besides her husband being sexist, her mother and friends tell her also that she cannot have all of these things at once. Sexism within her workplace is apparent when we see the directors board of all men and mostly women workers. Also, while Teresa and her male part ner are being interviewed, the interviewer comments on her looks and asks about her husband, while her partner is asked about actual production. These are all comments on the place that women held in society. They are free to participate in everything as equal comrades

Milestones in Space Exploration

Milestones in Space Exploration Even though space exploration has been a thing since the late 1950s, astronomers and astronauts continue to explore the firsts. For example, on February 6, 2018, Elon Musk and SpaceX launched the first Tesla into space. The company did this as part of the first test flight of its Falcon Heavy rocket.   Both SpaceX and rival company Blue Origins have been developing reusable rockets to lift people and payloads to space. Blue Origins made the first launch of a reusable on November 23, 2015. Since that time, reusables have proven themselves to be stalwart members of the launch inventory. In the not-too-distant future, other first-time space events will happen, ranging from missions to the Moon to missions to Mars.  Each time a mission flies, theres a first time for something. That was especially true back in the 1950s and 60s when the rush to the Moon was heating up between the United States and the then-Soviet Union. Ever since then, the space agencies of the world have been lofting people, animals, plants, and more into space. The First Canine Astronaut in Space Before people could go to space, space agencies tested animals. Monkeys, fish, and small animals were sent first. America had Ham the Chimp. Russia had the famous dog  Laika, the first canine astronaut. She was launched into space on the Sputnik 2 in 1957. She survived for a time in space. However, after a week, the air ran out and Laika died. The following year, as its orbit deteriorated, the craft left space and re-entered the Earths atmosphere and, without heat shields, burned up, along with Laikas body. The First Human in Space The flight of  Yuri Gagarin, a cosmonaut from the USSR, came as a complete surprise to the world, much to the pride and joy of the former Soviet Union. He was launched into space on April 12, 1961, aboard the Vostok 1. It was a short flight, only an hour and 45 minutes. During his single orbit of Earth,   Gagarin admired our planet and radioed home, It has a very beautiful sort of halo, a rainbow. The First American in Space Not to be outdone, the United States worked to get their astronaut into space. The first American to fly was Alan Shepard, and he took his ride aboard Mercury 3 on May 5, 1961. Unlike Gagarin, however, his craft did not achieve orbit. Instead, Shepard took a suborbital trip, rising to a height of 116 miles and traveling 303 miles down range before parachuting safely into the Atlantic Ocean. The First American to Orbit Earth NASA took its time with its manned space program, making baby steps along the way. For example, the first American to orbit Earth didnt fly until 1962. On February 20, the Friendship 7 capsule carried astronaut John Glenn around our planet three times on a five-hour space flight. He was the first American to orbit our planet and subsequently became the oldest person to fly in space when he roared to orbit aboard the space shuttle Discovery.   The First Womens Achievements in Space The early space programs were heavily male-oriented, and women were prevented from flying to space aboard U.S. missions until   1983. The honor of being the first woman to achieve orbit belongs to the Russian Valentina Tereshkova. She flew to space aboard Vostok  6  on June 16, 1963. Tereshkova was followed 19 years later by the second woman in space, aviator Svetlana Savitskaya, who blasted off to space aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982. At the time of Sally Rides trip aboard the U.S. space shuttle Challenger on June 18, 1983, she was also the youngest American to go to space. In 1993, Commander Eileen Collins became the first woman to fly a mission as pilot aboard the space shuttle Discovery. The First African-Americans in Space It took a long time for space to begin to integrate. Just as women had to wait a while to fly, so did qualified black astronauts. On August 30, 1983, the space shuttle Challenger lifted off with Guion Guy Bluford  Jr., who became the first African-American in space. Nine years later, Dr.  Mae Jemison lifted off in the space shuttle Endeavour on September 12, 1992. She became the first African-American woman astronaut to fly. The First Space Walks Once people get to space, they have to perform a variety of tasks onboard their craft. For some missions, space-walking is important, so both the U.S. and Soviet Union set out to train their astronauts in working outside the capsules. Alexei Leonov, a Soviet cosmonaut, was the first person to step outside of his spacecraft while in space, on March 18, 1965. He spent 12 minutes floating as far as 17.5 feet from his Voskhod 2 craft, enjoying the first spacewalk ever. Ed White made a 21-minute EVA (Extra-Vehicular Activity) during his Gemini 4 mission, becoming the first U.S. astronaut to float out the door of a spacecraft.   The First Human on the Moon Most people who were alive at the time remember where they were when they heard astronaut  Neil Armstrong  utter the famous words, Thats one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. He, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins flew to the Moon on the Apollo 11 mission. He was the first to step out onto the lunar surface, on July 20, 1969. His crewmate, Buzz Aldrin, was the second one. Buzz now boasts of the event by telling people, I was the second man on the moon, Neil before me.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Public Administration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Public Administration - Research Paper Example On the other hand, employees expect the department to treat and motivate them with dignity and respect. Satisfying the needs and expectation of all stakeholders in policing organizations is quite challenging in the contemporary society. This paper examines some of the challenges involved in the management of police department. Roy, Jack and Novak (2002, p8) define management as â€Å"a process of working with employees in a humane manner for efficient and effective attainment of the organization’s goals and objectives†. In policing and other modern organizations, managing outcome and output are critical components of the management process (Stillman, 2012). In police organizations output are the activities, which a police department undertakes. Some of the activities include arresting offenders, assisting people with various problems, maintaining confidentiality and the manner in which the police officers conduct themselves. The outcomes are the results that occur from the police action and behavior. They include changes in the rate of crime, the attitude of the community towards the police and the level of contentment with the police service among other outcomes. Change in attitude and behavior of the public towards the law enforcement agencies is one of the major outcomes of the police (Ro y, Jack and Novak, 2002). In contemporary policing organization, managers of police departments are confronted with various challenges that involve integrating and balancing expectations between three important stakeholders, namely employees, the police organization and the community. The community keeps a watchful eye on the reaction and behavior of the police toward persons, the use (or misuse) of allocated resources within the police organization and how police department undertake various sensitive operations such as promotion, recruitment, prevention of crime among others. In addition, the community is

Comments(another one) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comments(another one) - Essay Example Downsizing is in the true meaning the unemployment of people but the unemployed individual may believe that the company from which they were fired did not have a choice and this was a step which had to be taken. Other examples of newspeak are also seen in today’s world. For example, the spying technology which intrudes the privacy of others is justified by the government by explaining that this is an important step for the security of the people but in reality this is an encroachment into the personal space of others. Doublethink has also been correctly explained with the concept of cognitive dissonance put forward by Leon Festinger and it has further been strengthened in the paper with the example of persecution in the United States. Other examples of doublethink include immigration where on one side a person thinks that immigrants reduce the opportunities for the citizens of the country they migrate to. On the other hand, there is another perspective on this issue where a person is forced to think that these immigrants leave their homeland owing to serious problems and they migrate to a new place only with the hope of a better future. Therefore, immigration is a stand on which a person tends to have contradicting thoughts. Thus, it is a well-balanced paper which correctly defines the purpose of the concepts of newspeak and doublethink in the novel followed by examples which can be seen in today’s world for the two

Positive and Negative Consequences of the Legislation that Enables Essay

Positive and Negative Consequences of the Legislation that Enables Patients to Correct the Health Information in their Records - Essay Example As the study outlines the legalization that allows individuals to correct their EHR information has both positive and negative arguments. On the positive side, when individuals are able to correct their health records in the database, their physicians find it easy and quick to know and acquire their health progress. This is more advantageous in case the individuals get sick and reach levels where they cannot communicate verbally. Additionally, when individuals are able to change their health records, government will have easy time in data collection and gathering since about the nations’ health status since updated patient information will be readily available i.e. reduced delays in information retrieval. On the negative side, McGonigle and Mastrian notes that legalization of individual access to electronic health information might lead to fraud for personal benefits. For instance, if an individual will not get a job due to their health status, they may change it electronicall y to get the job opportunity nevertheless. Nonetheless, the legalization inhibits the demand for health records’ security since patients can change their records to suit their needs.

A Caring And Helping Profession Nursing Essay

A Caring And Helping Profession Nursing Essay As an associate degree practicing nurse, working on a cardiac unit, my scope of practice has been primarily focused on direct patient care. I have always been motivated to help my clients whenever possible to attain optimal level of restoration through different methods of therapeutic regimen and teaching. I assist my clients to meet their immediate needs, smiling, listening, using therapeutic touch where appropriate, and communicating effectively. I involve my clients and their families in their care by keeping them informed with medications, laboratory and diagnostic testing. I am a big advocate of the phrase Knowledge gives power because it fosters nurse-client relationship and trust. I believe very much in engaging my clients with the knowledge of their disease process, the plan of care and the method of care delivery that will ensue. Knowing what to expect usually gives clients more control and they are more willing participants in an unfamiliar environment while coping with unf amiliar diagnosis and the challenges of being sick. However, transitioning to a baccalaureate program now, I realize that my approach to nursing is evolving and becoming more dynamic and inclusive to promote a more holistic method of care delivery. Primarily based on the body of knowledge that is emerging on my journey back to school and prior experience, I have come to understand what the philosophy of nursing means. Nursing philosophy forms the framework for nursing practice and guides the application of nursing process to effectively manage the complexities of evolving nursing roles. Developing a nursing philosophy requires that a nurse embarks on a journey of self-discovery, Rew, 1994. It starts by recognizing and understanding the interconnectedness of all things, how human beings relate with their environment and how it affects their health. Based on the body of knowledge and experience, nurses usually have a set of beliefs, values and ideologies that influence perceptions, thoughts and feelings, (Hood. pg. 60). These values are usually etched within the framework of ethical principles and they constitute a nursing philosophy. The profession of nursing primarily deals with human beings, health, nursing and environment and as such nurses need to examine and reflect on what each of these concepts mean and how they are related to one another in order to affect each positively. Human beings are unique, holistic individuals characterized by genetics and biologic compositions. Human beings are defined by their understanding, perception, reasoning, life experiences, spirituality and cultural background. Human beings have intrinsic values and have inalienable rights, and the right to be treated with dignity and respect from conception to death. Health is a state of well-being. Health is defined as the optimal functioning of all physical, psychological, social, sensing, feeling and communicating systems. A state of total shalom, nothing missing, nothing broken. A state of health is viewed as a point existing on a continuum, from wellness to death and it varies with individual perception of what wellness is. As defined by World Health Organization, Health is a State of complete, physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Nursing is a helping profession, a synergy of arts and science. The science of nursing is based on the principles and theories of behavioral and natural sciences, the embodiment of scientific knowledge, skills and professional values and morals instilled in practice and care delivery. Nursing encompasses the collaboration and autonomous care of all individuals in all settings, it includes health promotion, awareness, prevention of diseases and a restoration from deviation of health. Environment is not limited to physical space, but characterized by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that defines a person. Internal factors that affect mood and wellness are considered environment and external environment includes families, social, spiritual, cultural factors that affect a man. Sill Hall view human beings as an interrelated, interdependent, interacting complex, organism, constantly influencing and being influenced by the environment. (Sills Hall, 1977, p.24). Bearing in mind that the profession of nursing is centered on these four metaparadigms: Human beings, health, nursing and environment, it is imperative for nurses to approach care delivery to human beings in a holistic manner factoring in the interrelatedness of how one affects the other. Environment co-exists with human beings in a reciprocal relationship and as such affects individuals positively or negatively. It may be a disruptive or peaceful relationship. Deviation from a state of well-being is a disruptive state that requires the helping compassionate care of nurse professionals. As individuals are constantly adapting to varying degrees of changes in their internal and external environment, nursing is a piece of healthcare delivery system that constantly strive to assist individuals to attain their optimal level of wellness. Utilizing the nursing process and accessing multi-disciplinary approach in a holistic goal directed manner, nurses assume multiple roles of professional caregivers, teachers, advocates and counselors to accomplish competent and compassionate care in different continuum of an individual state of health. http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT2fbd0m6Pyju6XFO_GZ5z-3-ntqUwZaYF-61nhgnt5YrepYBRLYQ http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTsPPQYw0EE5JF6ClAdg9ZX1okAqYjMedRRcvjPoZXmAm4xxLj8Ew http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQpHAALPu3jyPkayfwLIc5FuuiEVO9qczGozC4Ob8pTGsV_CDU7pQ http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTVwTuWcjWRQyh2ZUMPt45MRo2yW9c4GzL8-vneWn54imlzSFn0 The theoretical models and frameworks of various nurse theorists has emerged as a guide to nursing philosophy and care. They provide a body of knowledge used to support nursing practice. They each define their nursing philosophies placing human beings as the center of care but cognizant of the interconnectedness and relationship of health, environment and nursing interacting and affecting each other. Sister Callister Roy Adaptation model is one that has impressed on my heart and has influenced my practice. Sister Callister Roy is a nurse theorist, professor and author, compelled by instructor, Dorothy Johnson, to write a conceptual model of nursing while studying for her Masters degree at UCLA She proposed The Roy Adaptation Model theory (RAM). Studying through this theory gives me a better understanding of mans adaptive capacity in response to stimuli and also the intrinsic nature of man to adapt various modes to cope with life challenges especially relating to health. In this mode, Human being is viewed as a holistic adaptive creature capable of adaptive systems. She describes the Environment consisting of internal and external stimuli that interacts directly with human beings. She sees Health as a sound unimpaired condition leading to wholeness and the Nursing goal as that which promotes modes of adaptation and that support overall health. The four Modes of adaption of RAM promote integrity and they are: the physiologic-physical mode, the self-concept- identity mode, role function and interdependent mode. Physiologic-Physical Mode identifies the intrinsic factors comprised of physical and chemical processes that occur in human beings that are responsible for the functions and activities of daily living. The underlying need is physiologic integrity evidenced in the degree of wholeness achieved through adaptation to change in needs. Self-concept-Identity Mode focuses on the psychological and spiritual integrity and the sense of unity as humans search for the meaning and purpose of life Role Function Mode deals with the individual roles that we occupy in society and how we aim to fulfill the need for social integrity. The knowledge of knowing oneself in relation to others. Interdependent Mode looks at the interconnectedness and relationship of people, environment, structure and perception. Adaptation potentials individually and collectively. Using RAMs six- step nursing process, the nurse gathers a full assessment of a client including behavior, orientation, family dynamics, objective and subjective data. The second step is to recognize and determine the stimuli affecting the behaviors exhibited. The third step involves formulating a nursing diagnosis based on the presenting symptoms and the persons adaptive state. The forth step is goal oriented and nursing planning to promote adaption and wellness which leads to the fifth step of nursing interventions. Utilizing several methods of therapeutic healing tailored to each individual crisis state with the ultimate goal of managing the stimuli to promote adaptation. The final and sixth step is the evaluation stage, using reflection and data to reassess the individual state of adaptation mode or lack of it. The ability of the nurse to manipulate the stimuli and not the patient enhances the persons interaction with their environment, gives them a sense of control and promote he alth. Nursing, as stated earlier, is a synergy of science and art. Nursing is a learned profession and as such nurses are required to have a formal education, clinical practice and research in order to understand the biologic, physiologic, behavioral and social sciences to make decisions. The application of that body of knowledge in practice is built on the art of nursing. Delivery of care with wisdom, compassion, genuineness, empathy, respect for dignity and a sound commitment to do good at all times is the basis of the art of nursing. Nursing is an experience that occurs between two individuals forming the nurse-patient interaction. Nursing is constructed around the centrality of nurse-client relationship and how they affect each other positively. When nurses use knowledge and personality to implement interventions in the nursing process to effect change in the ill, they alleviate stress and the relationship becomes therapeutic. It is through the establishment of therapeutic association that nurses are said to promote healing (Allen, 2000: 184). In the early days, Nursing derived knowledge through intuition, tradition and experience or by borrowing from other disciplines (Kalisch Kalisch, 2004). The knowledge of nursing has since then shifted to empirical knowledge discovered through research. Research is vital in nursing today because it expands nursing knowledge and integrates best evidence based practice into clinical practice. The systemic review of literature aspect of research makes it possible for quality improvement activities and to determine the effectiveness of nursing interventions and practice changes. Research allows clinical practice to evolve in knowledge and it gives confidence in practice based on satisfactory patient outcomes. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callista_Roy http://tgh.org/nursing.htm http://coxcollege.edu/cc_body.cfm?id=3062 Therapeutic Nursing: Improving Patient Care through Self-Awareness and reflection SAGE, Nov 4, 2002 edited by Dawn Freshwater v http://svnnet.org/uploads/File/NurseResearch.pdf bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbmmmmhttps://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxxctOWdEo1i_7mB8p_UN4tuIxiOtKF9G4wKeEZhHed-QavL1NrHl2WnsEP_jThdireAYRItBVQ6F4DyfqnSqaOqt9-AwU0OlUFxYu8aTA1cFhA_UQnquijIOFYzTNrcGzvey_nuGjb7pD/s400/PIC+6.jpg

Leadership versus Management Essay -- Expository Essays

Is every good manager a good leader? Is every leader a good manager? Leadership and management are often used in similar perspectives, yet they do not share the same meaning. Leaders are exactly what the name says - they lead team members to success. Managers, like leaders, have the meaning referenced in the name. Managers manage over employees, striving for success. The two titles can be used simultaneously with one person, but this is a rare occurrence. According to MSN Encarta Dictionary, the term manage has several meanings. One of the explanations state that to manage is to â€Å"administer or run something - to be in charge†¦and be responsible for its smooth running and for any personnel† (Encarta, 2008). MSN Encarta Dictionary also shows the meaning for a leader. The first definition states that a leader is â€Å"somebody whom people follow - someone who guides and directs others† (Encarta, 2008). These two definitions are similar, but differ slightly. A leader nurtures and guides the employees. A leader helps them on the way to success. A manager is one who is in charge and is ultimately responsible for the outcome. A manager’s first responsibility is the outcome of a task. This outcome is detailed by rules and regulations. The manager must ensure that employees are adhering to company policies in order to be successful with the task. This task may be one that the manager is personally handling or one that has been delegated to subordinates. The manager is held responsible for the completion of the tasks regardless of the quantity. Sometimes, the manager completes the tasks personally, while other times require the manager to assign tasks to certain employees. Either way, the final results need to be successful. ... ....com/dictionary_/leader.html Encarta. (2008). Manage. Retrieved August 17, 2008 from http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861628098/manage.html Kotelnikov, V. (Dec-Jan 2008). Manager's skill sets.(MANAGEMENT)(managerial leadership and coaching). Today's Manager, p.27 (1). Retrieved August 18, 2008, from Academic OneFile via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS Teik, T. C. (Dec-Jan 2008). Ideal bosses are scarce: in moments of frustration at work, we wish we had a better boss. We admire our friends who are fortunate to have cordial and understanding bosses. What are the characteristics of an ideal boss? Ideal bosses are normally found in ideal companies--firms that you are proud to work for. (MANAGEMENT). Today's Manager, p.11 (3). Retrieved August 18, 2008, from Academic OneFile via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS Leadership versus Management Essay -- Expository Essays Is every good manager a good leader? Is every leader a good manager? Leadership and management are often used in similar perspectives, yet they do not share the same meaning. Leaders are exactly what the name says - they lead team members to success. Managers, like leaders, have the meaning referenced in the name. Managers manage over employees, striving for success. The two titles can be used simultaneously with one person, but this is a rare occurrence. According to MSN Encarta Dictionary, the term manage has several meanings. One of the explanations state that to manage is to â€Å"administer or run something - to be in charge†¦and be responsible for its smooth running and for any personnel† (Encarta, 2008). MSN Encarta Dictionary also shows the meaning for a leader. The first definition states that a leader is â€Å"somebody whom people follow - someone who guides and directs others† (Encarta, 2008). These two definitions are similar, but differ slightly. A leader nurtures and guides the employees. A leader helps them on the way to success. A manager is one who is in charge and is ultimately responsible for the outcome. A manager’s first responsibility is the outcome of a task. This outcome is detailed by rules and regulations. The manager must ensure that employees are adhering to company policies in order to be successful with the task. This task may be one that the manager is personally handling or one that has been delegated to subordinates. The manager is held responsible for the completion of the tasks regardless of the quantity. Sometimes, the manager completes the tasks personally, while other times require the manager to assign tasks to certain employees. Either way, the final results need to be successful. ... ....com/dictionary_/leader.html Encarta. (2008). Manage. Retrieved August 17, 2008 from http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861628098/manage.html Kotelnikov, V. (Dec-Jan 2008). Manager's skill sets.(MANAGEMENT)(managerial leadership and coaching). Today's Manager, p.27 (1). Retrieved August 18, 2008, from Academic OneFile via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS Teik, T. C. (Dec-Jan 2008). Ideal bosses are scarce: in moments of frustration at work, we wish we had a better boss. We admire our friends who are fortunate to have cordial and understanding bosses. What are the characteristics of an ideal boss? Ideal bosses are normally found in ideal companies--firms that you are proud to work for. (MANAGEMENT). Today's Manager, p.11 (3). Retrieved August 18, 2008, from Academic OneFile via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS